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Factors Influencing Successful Cryosurgical Application
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For effective cryosurgery, the rate of removal of heat from the tissue is more important than just the application of extremely low temperatures. Slow heat reduction like treatments with cotton swabs drenched in refrigerant solutions cause protective reactions to osmotic fluids flowing out of the cell leading to cell preservation instead of necrosis. Effective treatment requires rapid freeze as proven effective with the CryoProbe/c and /x™. During the immediate phase, cells are destroyed by: intracellular fluid ice crystals rupturing the cell membrane, protein destruction and direct thermal shock. In a second phase the cell destruction is due to a vascular stasis causing: thrombosis, ischemia and cell death. In the late phase an immunologic response due to freezing is possible. Virtually all biological tissues subjected to a temperature of minus (-) 17°F undergo cryonecrosis. In more traditional ‘indirect’ cryosurgical treatments, such as use of a cotton swab drenched in a refrigerant solution, the energy delivered is not sufficient to push the ice-ball to the caudal extent of the lesion. Since tissue is a poor thermal conductor, the forming layers of ice will hamper the ability of extreme temperatures to penetrate to the distal end of the lesion unless there is enough available freezing power. With the innovative ‘direct’ application of nitrous oxide with the CryoProbe/c and/x™, control over the energy delivered will assure the best possible results together with pinpoint accuracy. In all cases a second freeze in the same treatment session will improve results dramatically.
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